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:''For other meanings, see Young Guard.'' ''Molodaya Gvardiya'' ((ロシア語:''Молодая гвардия''), "Young Guard") is a monthly Russian magazine focusing on literature and politics, founded in Moscow in May 1922 as an organ of the Komsomol.〔("Komsomol Press" ), an article from ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' 〕 It had an immediate success with Alexander Tarasov-Rodionov's short novel ''Shokolad'' (Chocolate), a controversial work in which the author "faced without blinking the truth about 'revolutionary justice' as meted out by the organs of state security, and with knowledge gained at first hand he revealed the methods used by the Cheka to maintain the Bolsheviks in power"; the "chocolate" of the title stands for luxuries enjoyed "in the midst of proletarian starvation."〔Edward J. Brown, ''Russian Literature Since the Revolution'' (Harvard University Press, 1982: ISBN 0-674-78204-6), p. 114.〕 It was not published from 1942 to 1947 due to the hardships of the second world war. Between 1947 and 1956 it was published as a periodical anthology for young writers.〔''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', article "Molodaya Gvardiya (magazine)"〕 It became increasingly conservative and nationalist over the years, publishing strongly nativist and sometimes xenophobic material〔Martin A. Lee, ''The Beast Reawakens'' (Taylor & Francis, 1999; ISBN 0-415-92546-0), p. 317.〕 during the Khrushchev Thaw (although in 1964 it also published Andrey Voznesensky's long poem "Oza," which was "a favorite among Soviet scientists and other intellectuals,"〔Harry T. Moore and Albert Parry, ''Twentieth-Century Russian Literature'' (Southern Illinois University Press, 1974; ISBN 0-8093-0703-0), p. 120.〕 as well as the results of the first Soviet public opinion survey, in which young people complained about their sexual ignorance〔Igor S. Kon, ''The Sexual Revolution in Russia'' (Simon and Schuster, 1995; ISBN 0-02-917541-0), p. 97.〕). In 1970 the activities of ''Molodaya Gvardiya'' were examined at a session of the Politburo. The magazine was perceived by Party authorities as excessively "russophilic." A decision was taken to remove the editor, Anatolii Nikonov, from his post. This crackdown marked the start of a new campaign against Russian nationalists by Soviet regime.〔John B. Dunlop. The Faces of Contemporary Russian Nationalism. Princeton University Press, 1983. P. 47, 61.〕 In 1980's the magazine opposed perestroika.〔Bill Keller, "(In the Gantlet of Democracy, A Soviet Editor Takes Knocks )," ''New York Times'', June 18, 1988.〕 It was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1972. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Molodaya Gvardiya (magazine)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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